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‎NETFLIX 紀錄片系列

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‎犬科動物令人喜愛的特質

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‎都遺傳自原始的祖先

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‎敏銳的感官

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‎運動能力

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‎與強烈的決心

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‎幫助犬科動物面對各種挑戰

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‎但牠們成功真正的祕密
‎其實更令人訝異

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‎是牠們親密的一面

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‎讓每隻犬科動物

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‎從小狗到野狼

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‎同屬一科

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‎劇名：犬科

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‎（歐卡萬哥，波札那）

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‎每隻犬科動物的故事
‎都始於隱匿的獸窩

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‎這裡是15隻非洲小野犬的庇護所

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‎五週大

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‎迫切需要飽餐一頓

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‎保姆也餓了

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‎跟家犬一樣

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‎牠們也依賴別人提供食物

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‎但不同於寵物的是

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‎牠們永遠不知道有沒有晚餐吃

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‎爸媽和其他家人天亮就外出獵食

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‎步調一致

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‎齊心思考

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‎牠們專門追捕大型獵物

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‎時速可達64公里

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‎但碰到淹水就沒轍了

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‎牠們要把獵物逼向陸地

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‎但驢羚知道水深之處也許能保命

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‎驢羚技高一籌

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‎超出野犬能力所及

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‎現在太熱了，無法獵食

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‎一無所獲回家，表示全家都得挨餓

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‎斷奶的嘴巴乞求媽媽給牠們肉吃

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‎但媽媽只能給點奶水

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‎再不快進食，小狗會死掉

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‎再來的幾天至關重要

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‎為了生存下去，牠們需要運用

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‎這個生物分類裡所有動物的特質

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‎包括狼

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‎狐狸、野犬

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‎與胡狼

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‎35個物種

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‎每一種都善於狩獵

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‎無論是60公斤重的狼
‎或吉娃娃大小的狐狸

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‎牠們遍布全球，從撒哈拉沙漠到北極

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‎牠們都有絕佳的嗅覺、視覺和聽覺

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‎而且健壯又靈活

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‎但牠們不是最快的食肉動物

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‎也絕對不是最大的

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‎犬科動物都會以小搏大

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‎這是古早流傳下來的能力

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‎超過四千萬年前

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‎第一批犬科動物
‎出現在當今的美國西南部

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‎（亞利桑那州，美國）

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‎返祖者至今仍居留於此

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‎灰狐看起來可能像狐狸

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‎但牠跟犬科動物的原始祖先
‎關係更為親近

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‎犬科動物起初都是這樣

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‎嬌小

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‎害怕

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‎更現代的犬科動物
‎例如郊狼，可能會殺死牠

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‎但灰狐有一項本領

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‎牠會爬樹

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‎多數的犬科動物辦不到

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‎爪子長，四肢短

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‎非常敏捷

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‎比較像貓，而不是犬

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‎早期的祖先得以生存
‎因為牠們不惹麻煩

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‎但最終牠們從樹上下來

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‎成為我們今日所知的好鬥獵人

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‎隨著時間演變
‎短而結實的四肢變長了

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‎犬科動物踮起了腳尖

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‎健壯的肌肉與前肢特殊的韌帶

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‎讓腳步充滿活力

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‎這種高效率的步態

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‎讓牠們成為世界級的耐力跑者

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‎（北亞伯達省，加拿大）

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‎在冰凍的北方，食物難以尋覓

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‎一對灰狼夫婦

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‎體重皆為德國牧羊犬的兩倍重

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‎帶著家人

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‎牠們一天走的路可達96公里

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‎追蹤獵物是一回事

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‎獵殺又是另一回事

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‎成年的野牛約一千公斤重

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‎有致命的角和蹄

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‎若堅守陣地

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‎野牛群宛如堡壘

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‎灰狼家族採圍攻策略

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‎尋找恐懼或弱點的蛛絲馬跡

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‎牠們堅持不懈

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‎持續好幾天

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‎不必做太多事

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‎持續包圍牠們

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‎讓野牛心神不寧

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‎最終，灰狼讓野牛不勝其擾

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‎現在，灰狼必須讓牠們繼續奔跑

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‎父親帶頭追逐

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‎牠持續追捕野牛

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‎冒著極大的生命危險

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‎一旦選擇了目標，就不輕易放棄

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‎一口又一口
‎牠讓年輕的野牛精疲力竭

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‎犬科動物無法俐落地殺死獵物

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‎但牠不屈不撓

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‎因為耐力，牠能殺死
‎比自己重五倍以上的獵物

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‎這改變了全家的命運

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‎犬科動物並非都成群獵食

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‎有一種是獨行俠

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‎乍看之下是狐狸

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‎不過牠…

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‎踩著高蹺

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‎鬃狼是世界上最高的犬科動物

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‎（戈亞斯，巴西）

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‎要找到食物
‎牠需要的是高度，不是速度

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‎肩膀離地將近一公尺
‎在高高的草地上看得更清楚

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‎在這些乾燥平原上
‎大型動物相當稀少

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‎沒什麼獵物可追逐

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‎牠獨自行動

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‎牠依賴靈敏的鼻子和耳朵

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‎牠的嗅覺比人類靈敏50倍左右

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‎而且能聽到超高頻率的聲音

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‎獵捕這麼小的獵物，讓牠非常忙碌

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‎但鼠輩不足以讓牠吃飽

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‎在盧伯樂結滿果實的樹下

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‎牠透露了一件犬科動物令人意外的事

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‎食肉動物偶爾也會吃素

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‎犬科動物的牙齒
‎比貓科動物小，但用途更廣

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‎所以幾乎什麼都吃

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‎牠們能彈性吃素
‎因此沒有普通獵物也能存活

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‎幾乎能在各地繁衍

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‎（布里斯托，英國）

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‎就連水泥叢林也能當作是家

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‎在許多城市

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‎可見赤狐在夜間巡視街道

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‎牠們的存在取決於
‎犬類的一項基本特質

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‎這跟地底下發生的事

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‎息息相關

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‎一隻雌狐剛生下孩子

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‎野生犬科動物都是在獸窩出生的

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‎通常是由媽媽挖掘的

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‎這裡很安全

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‎能安心生下弱小無助的幼獸

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‎一胎的數量可能很多

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‎為七隻幼獸哺乳，讓牠精疲力竭

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‎但寶寶需要全天候進食

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‎牠不能留下寶寶，自己去吃東西

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‎每隻偉大的雌狐背後
‎都有一隻超級狐狸先生

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‎牠在城裡遊蕩，撿拾雌狐需要的食物

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‎這很罕見

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‎哺乳類媽媽很少能依賴爸爸陪在身旁

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‎但每個野生犬科動物家庭
‎都有個盡職盡責的父親

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‎人類與犬類連結的起源
‎便是來自於這分忠誠

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‎這表示有更多幼獸能活下來

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‎犬科動物家族的繁榮與體力無關

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‎要歸功於父母終身的夥伴關係

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‎這群非洲野犬的奉獻精神
‎受到極大的考驗

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‎帶著15隻幼犬和20隻兄姊

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‎牠們必須儘快獵到食物

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‎爸爸感覺到了動靜

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‎但不是獵物

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‎是另一個掠食者

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‎獅子會殺死野犬

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‎幼犬非常危險

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‎反抗將徒勞無功

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‎引誘母獅遠離獸穴才是上策

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‎成功了

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‎但母獅知道了牠們的藏身處
‎可能會再來

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‎牠們必須賭上一把

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‎即便是光天化日，也要帶幼犬離開

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‎牠們有其他的窩穴

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‎但最近的一個遠在八百公尺外

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‎幼犬的四肢太虛弱了

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‎兄姊此時該站出來了

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‎這裡比較安全，但還是很餓

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‎生存的機會與日俱增

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‎犬科動物非常脆弱

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‎（萬蓋，辛巴威）

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‎如果體重不及迷你臘腸犬

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‎就是弱勢的一方

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‎這隻大耳狐爸爸
‎要獨自照顧五隻幼狐

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‎而牠的愛人，也就是幼狐的媽媽

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‎出去獵食了

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‎會出什麼差錯呢？

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‎日間照顧如常開始

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‎爸爸幫牠們清洗

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‎監督在家學習的狀況

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‎幼狐喜愛探索

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‎學習使用蝙蝠般的耳朵

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‎跟人類的聽力相比
‎牠們聽得到輕20分貝的聲音

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‎甚至是白蟻和甲蟲的腳步聲

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‎不可思議的是
‎大耳狐幾乎以昆蟲為主食

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‎媽媽每天要吃上千隻蟲子
‎才能分泌足夠的奶水

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‎因此每次都要離開好幾個小時

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‎所以爸爸堅守陣地

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‎照顧幼狐的需求

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‎用生命守護牠們

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‎但一場非季節風暴可能會引來惡耗

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‎對於住在地下的動物來說
‎大豪雨是個問題

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‎爸爸和小寶寶安然度過

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‎但鄰居必須放棄巢穴

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‎在逃跑的過程中

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‎有人落單了

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‎迷失的幼獸撐不了多久

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00:27:44,913 --> 00:27:46,790
‎牠需要家庭的支援

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‎爸爸和五隻小寶寶就在附近

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‎牠只能請求幫助

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‎這有風險

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‎犬科動物常會殺死入侵者

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‎慢慢地，小寶寶對牠的態度軟化

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‎爸爸在牠身邊坐下來，是友善的象徵

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‎媽媽回來了

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‎發現多了一張嘴要餵

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‎但牠並不驚慌

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‎這隻流浪的寶寶可能是親戚

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‎即便如此，這種領養非常罕見

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‎寵小孩的爸爸與彈性的家庭

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‎有助於度過難關

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‎犬科動物是愛好群居的動物

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‎複雜的溝通是牠們家庭生活的關鍵

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‎狼嚎是用來嚇唬別人的

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‎（特羅姆斯，挪威）

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‎讓16公里外的鄰居知道
‎牠們的數量與強度

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‎這是聲音的旗幟，插在地上

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00:30:52,934 --> 00:30:55,395
‎警告別人不要靠近牠們的地盤

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‎在群體內，牠們更善於表達

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‎一個眼神

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‎畏縮的動作

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‎豎起的毛髮

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‎尾巴的高度

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‎事實上，牠們的一舉一動
‎都是複雜語言的一部分

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‎我們的狗也能理解

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‎但這是最嚴格的犬科動物

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‎尤其是晚餐時間

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‎年長的狼總是先進食

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‎有隻年輕的不守規矩

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‎領導人給牠一點顏色瞧瞧

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‎卑躬屈膝才能讓人息怒

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‎大家認為，這種嚴格的階級制度

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‎有助於牠們跟人類合作

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‎地位低下的狼常會餓肚子

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‎食物缺乏時，牠們會遭驅逐

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‎大約四萬年前

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‎一隻飢餓的小狼接近了人群

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‎用可憐無辜的眼神
‎讓人給牠一頓飯吃

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‎狼進入了人類早期的家庭

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‎進入了我們的心

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‎難以置信的是，每隻家犬
‎從玩具貴賓犬到大丹狗

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‎都是灰狼的後代

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‎但人類跟這個家族狂野的一面
‎關係很複雜

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‎童話故事告訴我們
‎牠們是恐怖的大灰狼

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‎或者奸詐狡猾

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‎即使牠們跟人類最好的朋友
‎一樣忠誠聰明

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‎在世界各地，犬科動物
‎尤其是狼，不斷受到迫害

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‎被趕出以前遼闊的活動範圍

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‎但牠們適應力很強

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‎給牠們一點機會與空間

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‎犬科動物就能重整旗鼓

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‎（布里斯托，英國）

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‎有些犬科動物
‎在現代的世界過得非常好

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00:34:33,946 --> 00:34:37,617
‎（僅限導盲犬進入花園）

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00:34:37,699 --> 00:34:40,203
‎感謝爸媽辛苦的養育

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‎一隻小赤狐準備面對世界的挑戰

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‎牠五個月大，正在學習照顧自己

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‎兄弟姊妹能當一輩子的朋友

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‎狩獵夥伴

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‎（只限導盲犬進入）

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‎在街上覓食時，媽媽是學習的好榜樣

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‎媽媽發現了一個固定的食物來源

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‎餵食野生動物可能造成問題

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‎但也許人類和野生犬科動物

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‎能因此建立新的關係

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‎就像幾千年前的狼一樣

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‎目前小狼學到了

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‎人類會給與食物、丟棄食物

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‎因此人類是牠生存的關鍵

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‎赤狐適應力強，懂得投機取巧

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‎足跡已遍及83個國家

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‎五大洲

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‎赤狐取代了狼，成了世界上
‎分布最廣的肉食動物

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‎但有些犬科動物過得並不好

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‎因為喪失棲息地、獵殺與疾病

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‎存活的成年非洲野犬不到七千隻

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‎這個家庭的未來岌岌可危

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‎牠們必須找到食物

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‎在茂密的稀樹草原
‎獵物有很多地方可以躲藏

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‎牠們需要改變策略

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00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:19,237
‎充分利用團隊優勢

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00:37:48,891 --> 00:37:51,227
‎牠們三兩成群

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‎企圖把高角羚趕出來

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‎爸爸鎖定目標

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00:38:54,332 --> 00:38:56,959
‎但牠需要其他人來幫忙完成任務

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00:39:06,260 --> 00:39:08,304
‎終於成功了

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‎牠們把高角羚撕成大塊
‎然後大快朵頤

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‎動作要快

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‎其他掠食者發現牠們捕獲獵物

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‎牠們就得放棄了

300
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‎牠們再次返回家裡

301
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‎但這次不是空手而歸

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‎有些野犬的肚子裡藏著屠宰肉

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‎重量是自己體重的三分之一

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‎這種興奮的程度只代表一件事

305
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‎牠們跟狼不同，這裡沒有階級制度

306
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‎小狗和保姆都有一份

307
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‎今天是愉快的一天

308
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‎這些小狗的未來更加明朗了

309
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‎對非洲野犬來說
‎生存要依賴勇敢頑強的團隊

310
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‎但不論是集體行動或是獨行俠

311
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‎最終都取決於父母不滅的忠誠度

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‎因此犬科動物才如此興旺

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‎並且在人類的心裡占有一席之地

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‎字幕翻譯：黃英哲