1 00:00:21,855 --> 00:00:24,649 Our own animal family. 2 00:00:32,615 --> 00:00:33,616 Smart. 3 00:00:40,874 --> 00:00:41,750 Sensitive. 4 00:00:44,085 --> 00:00:48,048 The more we get to know our wild cousins… 5 00:00:51,843 --> 00:00:55,847 …the more we learn how extraordinary they are. 6 00:01:02,771 --> 00:01:06,357 Apes have not only mastered the game of survival, 7 00:01:07,108 --> 00:01:10,361 they've redefined the way it's played. 8 00:01:23,708 --> 00:01:24,751 The jungle. 9 00:01:28,046 --> 00:01:30,840 Birthplace of the ape family… 10 00:01:32,926 --> 00:01:37,472 and the domain of all wild apes alive today. 11 00:01:46,606 --> 00:01:48,858 And where this baby boy, 12 00:01:49,567 --> 00:01:51,194 less than two years old, 13 00:01:51,945 --> 00:01:54,239 is learning to survive. 14 00:01:57,700 --> 00:01:59,702 He's a chimpanzee, 15 00:02:00,995 --> 00:02:03,414 our closest animal relative. 16 00:02:07,752 --> 00:02:10,505 What he discovers in the coming months 17 00:02:10,588 --> 00:02:13,258 will shape his whole life. 18 00:02:16,511 --> 00:02:20,557 Living in a community of more than 150 chimps, 19 00:02:20,640 --> 00:02:23,560 he has little to fear from other animals. 20 00:02:25,395 --> 00:02:28,857 His greatest challenge will come from his own kind. 21 00:02:35,029 --> 00:02:36,030 Like us, 22 00:02:36,114 --> 00:02:38,408 chimps have distinct personalities. 23 00:02:42,412 --> 00:02:45,582 He needs to know who to trust. 24 00:02:51,921 --> 00:02:54,883 Mom's friends are supportive and kind. 25 00:02:57,010 --> 00:02:59,637 And some of the bigger kids are fun to hang out with. 26 00:03:02,599 --> 00:03:06,436 It's adult males he must be most wary of. 27 00:03:08,354 --> 00:03:10,648 These two older guys, they're always together 28 00:03:10,732 --> 00:03:12,692 and have always been good to him. 29 00:03:19,449 --> 00:03:20,408 But this one 30 00:03:21,826 --> 00:03:22,994 is a bully. 31 00:03:39,010 --> 00:03:40,970 He's trying to gain status… 32 00:03:43,806 --> 00:03:47,185 …through a campaign of intimidation. 33 00:04:16,339 --> 00:04:20,593 For chimps, violence is a part of life. 34 00:04:24,889 --> 00:04:27,225 But there's more to these power struggles 35 00:04:27,308 --> 00:04:28,685 than mere savagery. 36 00:04:29,936 --> 00:04:34,399 And the baby is about to witness something remarkable. 37 00:04:37,902 --> 00:04:40,029 Neither of the two older males 38 00:04:40,113 --> 00:04:41,614 is as big as the bully. 39 00:04:46,494 --> 00:04:47,412 Even so, 40 00:04:48,037 --> 00:04:50,081 they refuse to submit. 41 00:05:23,489 --> 00:05:26,868 The bully is too strong, so the first male retreats. 42 00:05:28,578 --> 00:05:30,038 But his buddy piles in. 43 00:05:35,418 --> 00:05:37,253 And now the first is back. 44 00:05:40,715 --> 00:05:42,675 The bully can't beat them both. 45 00:05:42,759 --> 00:05:45,011 Time to get out while he can. 46 00:05:54,270 --> 00:05:56,314 One of the pair has been injured. 47 00:06:01,402 --> 00:06:03,112 But he won't suffer alone. 48 00:06:22,757 --> 00:06:24,926 In this animal society… 49 00:06:27,136 --> 00:06:30,681 you don't need to be the biggest or most aggressive. 50 00:06:34,477 --> 00:06:35,603 You need 51 00:06:36,187 --> 00:06:37,063 friends. 52 00:06:41,651 --> 00:06:44,112 The more allies, the better. 53 00:06:48,991 --> 00:06:50,660 But how you make them 54 00:06:50,743 --> 00:06:52,620 depends on your personality. 55 00:06:55,164 --> 00:06:58,918 A baby must find its own way 56 00:06:59,001 --> 00:07:03,131 to become a successful member of the ape family. 57 00:07:09,637 --> 00:07:14,100 A family that includes the most sophisticated animals 58 00:07:14,183 --> 00:07:15,643 in the world. 59 00:07:19,397 --> 00:07:22,066 First, there are the great apes. 60 00:07:22,942 --> 00:07:24,819 The chimpanzee, 61 00:07:25,361 --> 00:07:26,320 the bonobo, 62 00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:29,699 three orangutan species… 63 00:07:31,701 --> 00:07:33,494 two kinds of gorilla, 64 00:07:34,829 --> 00:07:38,082 and one species of human. 65 00:07:39,459 --> 00:07:42,295 We all share some unique features. 66 00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:45,923 Thanks to a special shoulder joint, 67 00:07:46,549 --> 00:07:48,718 we can hang by our arms 68 00:07:50,011 --> 00:07:52,096 and reach fruit at the tips of branches. 69 00:07:54,599 --> 00:07:56,767 And we can swing. 70 00:07:59,103 --> 00:08:02,940 No monkey in all Africa or Asia can do this. 71 00:08:04,942 --> 00:08:07,778 Tails don't help with balance when you're swinging, 72 00:08:08,279 --> 00:08:09,906 so apes don't have them. 73 00:08:11,491 --> 00:08:15,369 The true kings of swing are the gibbons. 74 00:08:18,414 --> 00:08:20,208 Known as "lesser apes," 75 00:08:21,125 --> 00:08:22,960 at least 18 different species 76 00:08:23,044 --> 00:08:25,129 live in the jungles of Asia. 77 00:08:28,007 --> 00:08:29,800 They're more monkey-sized 78 00:08:30,343 --> 00:08:32,011 and very agile. 79 00:08:44,398 --> 00:08:47,568 Apes have bigger brains and bodies than most monkeys. 80 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:54,408 And the great apes have taken size 81 00:08:54,492 --> 00:08:57,245 to a whole new level. 82 00:08:59,288 --> 00:09:01,249 Which can be a bit of a problem. 83 00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:15,388 Orangutans are the largest of all tree-living animals. 84 00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:21,477 Mature males weigh around 77 kilos, 85 00:09:22,311 --> 00:09:24,522 similar to an adult human. 86 00:09:27,942 --> 00:09:30,486 Imagine your dad doing this. 87 00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:40,246 This young orangutan 88 00:09:40,329 --> 00:09:43,541 is still perfecting his climbing technique. 89 00:09:47,128 --> 00:09:51,465 Orangs evolved alongside tigers. 90 00:09:58,097 --> 00:10:02,768 So they developed a unique way of keeping off the ground. 91 00:10:28,544 --> 00:10:32,423 Pole vaulting requires very little effort 92 00:10:32,923 --> 00:10:36,594 and makes the most of being such a heavyweight. 93 00:10:56,530 --> 00:10:59,533 But scaling jungle giants 94 00:10:59,617 --> 00:11:01,494 is more strenuous 95 00:11:02,328 --> 00:11:04,205 and more risky. 96 00:11:10,628 --> 00:11:12,254 These trees are higher 97 00:11:12,338 --> 00:11:14,632 than a 20-story building. 98 00:11:20,221 --> 00:11:22,765 And often, the best fruit 99 00:11:23,724 --> 00:11:25,726 is way up in the canopy. 100 00:11:28,938 --> 00:11:31,857 Even orangutans make mistakes. 101 00:11:37,738 --> 00:11:40,199 Many have healed fractures, 102 00:11:41,242 --> 00:11:43,369 the legacy of previous falls. 103 00:12:13,023 --> 00:12:15,609 But orangutans 104 00:12:15,693 --> 00:12:17,153 are good learners. 105 00:12:20,781 --> 00:12:22,867 They not only remember 106 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:24,869 where to find the best food… 107 00:12:27,163 --> 00:12:30,499 …they build three-dimensional mental maps 108 00:12:30,583 --> 00:12:32,543 of the safest routes to get there. 109 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:45,681 Brainpower is a game changer. 110 00:12:48,726 --> 00:12:51,353 And when it's focused on teamwork, 111 00:12:52,062 --> 00:12:54,940 the results are formidable. 112 00:13:01,155 --> 00:13:05,034 Mom and baby are following a group of male chimps. 113 00:13:10,331 --> 00:13:11,749 They're looking for food. 114 00:13:14,210 --> 00:13:16,879 But this is no normal feeding foray. 115 00:13:32,061 --> 00:13:35,147 Chimps relish meat. 116 00:13:41,904 --> 00:13:43,864 It contains nutrients 117 00:13:43,948 --> 00:13:46,450 not found in their usual vegetarian diet. 118 00:13:54,083 --> 00:13:57,002 Mom and baby are hoping for a share. 119 00:14:04,969 --> 00:14:07,429 Red colobus are hard to catch. 120 00:14:09,139 --> 00:14:11,016 But working together, 121 00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:14,019 the chimps increase their chances. 122 00:14:45,301 --> 00:14:48,095 These two are blockers. 123 00:14:48,178 --> 00:14:50,723 They move to cut off the escape routes. 124 00:14:51,682 --> 00:14:54,560 Another goes ahead to set the ambush. 125 00:14:56,770 --> 00:14:59,398 Now the chaser can make his move. 126 00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:52,993 This extraordinary teamwork 127 00:15:53,077 --> 00:15:56,121 leads to an 80% hit rate. 128 00:15:56,705 --> 00:15:59,124 Far better than any big cat. 129 00:16:01,043 --> 00:16:02,920 But these chimps 130 00:16:03,003 --> 00:16:04,922 are such prolific hunters, 131 00:16:05,005 --> 00:16:08,342 they've decimated the local monkey population. 132 00:16:10,219 --> 00:16:14,682 Humans are not the only ape capable of excess. 133 00:16:17,142 --> 00:16:18,894 Now meat is harder to get, 134 00:16:19,478 --> 00:16:22,564 it is even more precious. 135 00:16:27,611 --> 00:16:30,322 If you don't have it, you must beg. 136 00:16:32,449 --> 00:16:34,368 And you must do so politely. 137 00:16:39,957 --> 00:16:42,126 Meat is more than food. 138 00:16:42,209 --> 00:16:43,961 It is social currency. 139 00:16:46,714 --> 00:16:48,340 Becoming a good hunter 140 00:16:49,299 --> 00:16:52,511 is another way to climb the social ladder. 141 00:16:58,392 --> 00:17:01,687 A male ape's success often depends 142 00:17:01,770 --> 00:17:04,606 on his ability to provide. 143 00:17:21,957 --> 00:17:24,418 Lar gibbons. 144 00:17:33,302 --> 00:17:36,055 Like many of us, they live in couples. 145 00:17:39,433 --> 00:17:43,312 Every day, they sing their love for each other. 146 00:17:45,731 --> 00:17:47,775 But as we well know, 147 00:17:47,858 --> 00:17:49,401 relationships can be 148 00:17:50,736 --> 00:17:51,737 complicated. 149 00:17:58,077 --> 00:18:00,871 A dark four-year-old youngster… 150 00:18:05,375 --> 00:18:07,628 and his blonde older brother. 151 00:18:09,630 --> 00:18:11,673 They recently lost their dad. 152 00:18:13,675 --> 00:18:14,635 To him. 153 00:18:19,389 --> 00:18:21,225 In many animal families, 154 00:18:21,308 --> 00:18:24,394 new stepdads neglect, bully, 155 00:18:24,478 --> 00:18:29,274 or even kill existing youngsters in favor of raising their own. 156 00:18:32,903 --> 00:18:34,279 But right now, 157 00:18:34,363 --> 00:18:36,115 these siblings need help, 158 00:18:37,699 --> 00:18:40,619 and their stepfather is the only option. 159 00:18:44,123 --> 00:18:45,749 At this time of year, 160 00:18:45,833 --> 00:18:47,626 few trees are in fruit. 161 00:18:50,420 --> 00:18:52,172 There's only one available. 162 00:18:54,424 --> 00:18:56,426 On the edge of their territory, 163 00:18:57,594 --> 00:18:59,263 right next to their enemies. 164 00:19:03,142 --> 00:19:05,978 The family approach with caution. 165 00:19:17,865 --> 00:19:20,534 The male from the neighboring group. 166 00:19:36,425 --> 00:19:38,385 He's blocking their route. 167 00:19:47,102 --> 00:19:50,439 Stepdad tries to intimidate his enemy with calls. 168 00:19:56,028 --> 00:19:58,488 But his neighbor holds his ground. 169 00:20:05,829 --> 00:20:07,331 Stepdad attacks. 170 00:20:09,458 --> 00:20:10,459 His enemy panics. 171 00:20:36,235 --> 00:20:37,653 Stepdad closes in. 172 00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:49,456 He risks a final, desperate assault. 173 00:21:06,765 --> 00:21:09,643 Stepdad's secured a vital meal 174 00:21:09,726 --> 00:21:11,478 for his new family. 175 00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:25,075 Perhaps he's not so bad after all. 176 00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:34,418 Gibbons often show surprising tenderness to their stepchildren. 177 00:21:40,465 --> 00:21:41,883 Who knows? 178 00:21:41,967 --> 00:21:44,928 One day, he might need their support too. 179 00:21:48,265 --> 00:21:50,517 It pays to play the long game. 180 00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:55,105 Most apes live well into their forties. 181 00:21:57,482 --> 00:22:00,819 And family life can get complicated. 182 00:22:02,988 --> 00:22:07,409 Especially for the largest ape of all. 183 00:22:24,092 --> 00:22:25,844 A mountain gorilla. 184 00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:33,727 He's a silverback 185 00:22:35,687 --> 00:22:37,189 and head of his family. 186 00:22:39,983 --> 00:22:41,943 And what a family. 187 00:22:43,737 --> 00:22:44,905 Four wives… 188 00:22:47,324 --> 00:22:49,326 three adolescents… 189 00:22:51,578 --> 00:22:52,746 two infants… 190 00:22:57,584 --> 00:22:59,294 and a grumpy granddad. 191 00:23:12,349 --> 00:23:16,311 Dad is a 200-kilo hunk… 192 00:23:18,730 --> 00:23:21,108 armed with massive canines. 193 00:23:23,735 --> 00:23:27,322 Yet he is a surprisingly gentle giant, 194 00:23:27,989 --> 00:23:31,118 almost 100% vegetarian. 195 00:23:32,953 --> 00:23:35,330 It's the easy option in this forest. 196 00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:39,376 Whenever you're hungry, 197 00:23:39,459 --> 00:23:42,921 all you have to do is reach. 198 00:23:45,006 --> 00:23:48,009 It's like living in a salad bowl. 199 00:23:56,726 --> 00:23:59,146 But if you eat this much veg, 200 00:23:59,229 --> 00:24:01,648 you need time to digest it. 201 00:24:07,487 --> 00:24:12,325 Mountain gorillas spend at least a third of the day resting. 202 00:24:13,910 --> 00:24:15,120 Or trying to. 203 00:24:25,338 --> 00:24:26,756 The flies are a nuisance, 204 00:24:28,049 --> 00:24:30,677 and the kids are even worse. 205 00:25:11,343 --> 00:25:14,095 Despite his tough-guy image, 206 00:25:15,180 --> 00:25:17,307 dad's a softy at heart. 207 00:25:26,900 --> 00:25:28,360 But every now and then, 208 00:25:29,986 --> 00:25:31,154 he must fight 209 00:25:31,863 --> 00:25:33,114 for what he loves. 210 00:25:38,245 --> 00:25:39,871 And that's when size 211 00:25:40,956 --> 00:25:42,832 really matters. 212 00:25:46,878 --> 00:25:47,921 A rival 213 00:25:49,798 --> 00:25:51,758 and his troop. 214 00:26:08,525 --> 00:26:10,277 Dad has so much to lose. 215 00:26:12,529 --> 00:26:14,573 His wives may be stolen, 216 00:26:15,574 --> 00:26:17,742 his children killed. 217 00:26:19,911 --> 00:26:22,455 A fight could even cost him his life. 218 00:26:30,463 --> 00:26:34,676 Sometimes, a show of strength is enough to deter enemies. 219 00:26:45,437 --> 00:26:47,397 Dad tries to drive them away. 220 00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:50,859 But the rival has backup. 221 00:26:50,942 --> 00:26:52,861 His entire family. 222 00:26:59,075 --> 00:27:00,327 The rival charges. 223 00:27:06,249 --> 00:27:09,294 Dad can't afford to show any sign of weakness. 224 00:27:14,591 --> 00:27:16,051 The rival retreats. 225 00:27:35,695 --> 00:27:37,030 Dad can return 226 00:27:37,113 --> 00:27:39,866 to the family life he loves. 227 00:27:48,333 --> 00:27:50,585 A love best expressed 228 00:27:50,669 --> 00:27:52,003 through touch. 229 00:27:56,216 --> 00:27:58,301 Grooming is the glue 230 00:27:58,385 --> 00:28:01,054 that holds ape society together. 231 00:28:08,269 --> 00:28:10,980 It can be exchanged for friendship 232 00:28:11,690 --> 00:28:13,066 and favors. 233 00:28:16,319 --> 00:28:19,406 Done with great care and attention… 234 00:28:22,242 --> 00:28:25,995 it provokes a rush of feel-good hormones. 235 00:28:29,874 --> 00:28:31,501 Apes crave it 236 00:28:31,584 --> 00:28:34,087 and the companionship it creates. 237 00:28:38,174 --> 00:28:41,803 So it's surprising that one ape 238 00:28:41,886 --> 00:28:44,639 spends much of its life alone. 239 00:28:52,063 --> 00:28:55,024 A Bornean orangutan. 240 00:28:56,609 --> 00:28:59,404 Only fully mature males 241 00:28:59,487 --> 00:29:01,740 have these cheek flanges. 242 00:29:03,992 --> 00:29:06,578 They are thought to help direct 243 00:29:06,661 --> 00:29:07,829 the long call. 244 00:29:21,092 --> 00:29:24,304 He reaches out to other orangutans 245 00:29:24,387 --> 00:29:26,848 scattered throughout the forest. 246 00:29:42,447 --> 00:29:47,118 Some scientists believe orangutans once lived close together, 247 00:29:47,202 --> 00:29:48,244 like gorillas, 248 00:29:49,412 --> 00:29:55,001 with these flanged males guarding a small group of females, 249 00:29:55,084 --> 00:29:56,461 as silverbacks do. 250 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:01,925 Then, around four million years ago, 251 00:30:02,634 --> 00:30:04,052 the climate changed. 252 00:30:05,220 --> 00:30:08,473 The trees no longer grew fruit every year. 253 00:30:09,933 --> 00:30:12,602 Many animals faced starvation. 254 00:30:16,064 --> 00:30:17,440 To find enough food, 255 00:30:18,024 --> 00:30:20,985 orangutan families split up 256 00:30:21,069 --> 00:30:22,320 and spread out. 257 00:30:33,998 --> 00:30:36,709 They now live alone. 258 00:30:40,255 --> 00:30:42,465 Though not entirely. 259 00:30:45,802 --> 00:30:49,639 This baby is just one month old. 260 00:30:51,307 --> 00:30:55,311 She will stay with mom for eight years… 261 00:30:57,605 --> 00:31:00,108 the longest childhood of any ape, 262 00:31:00,984 --> 00:31:01,943 except us. 263 00:31:08,575 --> 00:31:10,410 It takes a long time 264 00:31:10,493 --> 00:31:13,454 to teach all the secrets of survival. 265 00:31:19,878 --> 00:31:22,130 Which flowers are good to eat. 266 00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:33,975 How to get termites out of rotten wood. 267 00:31:40,356 --> 00:31:44,694 And where to find fruiting trees during hard times. 268 00:32:02,420 --> 00:32:05,048 The male's call is unanswered. 269 00:32:10,219 --> 00:32:13,598 He may go for days, even weeks, 270 00:32:13,681 --> 00:32:16,684 without encountering another orangutan. 271 00:32:23,274 --> 00:32:26,319 No one really knows how he feels. 272 00:32:29,572 --> 00:32:31,741 But maybe once in a while, 273 00:32:32,492 --> 00:32:35,912 from somewhere deep in his ape DNA, 274 00:32:35,995 --> 00:32:39,290 he longs for the touch of a companion. 275 00:32:48,007 --> 00:32:50,134 There are times, however, 276 00:32:50,218 --> 00:32:53,680 when even the most social apes 277 00:32:53,763 --> 00:32:55,306 choose to be alone. 278 00:33:08,361 --> 00:33:10,446 Today, mom and baby 279 00:33:10,530 --> 00:33:13,574 have found a little peace and quiet, 280 00:33:15,284 --> 00:33:17,328 close to the edge of their territory. 281 00:33:20,206 --> 00:33:24,419 Far from the stresses of chimpanzee society. 282 00:33:34,262 --> 00:33:35,471 A border patrol. 283 00:33:37,390 --> 00:33:40,643 Males from the neighboring group. 284 00:33:54,907 --> 00:33:55,992 Alert. 285 00:34:00,621 --> 00:34:01,581 Silent. 286 00:34:13,468 --> 00:34:14,886 They're on a mission 287 00:34:14,969 --> 00:34:18,097 to take control of more fruiting trees. 288 00:34:19,766 --> 00:34:22,935 And to achieve this, they will kill. 289 00:34:26,773 --> 00:34:28,733 Infants are not spared. 290 00:34:35,323 --> 00:34:36,866 Mom knows something's wrong. 291 00:34:59,972 --> 00:35:01,557 Best to remain silent. 292 00:36:19,844 --> 00:36:21,095 A close call. 293 00:36:34,358 --> 00:36:37,695 War is as much a part of chimpanzee life 294 00:36:37,778 --> 00:36:39,655 as it is of ours. 295 00:36:42,533 --> 00:36:46,871 But not all of our closest relatives are so violent. 296 00:36:53,502 --> 00:36:56,130 Just over the Congo River, there's another ape 297 00:36:56,672 --> 00:37:00,593 that shares almost 99% of our DNA. 298 00:37:12,730 --> 00:37:14,565 Like chimpanzees, 299 00:37:14,649 --> 00:37:17,777 bonobos live in big communities. 300 00:37:32,541 --> 00:37:36,212 Bonobo males also use displays of strength 301 00:37:36,295 --> 00:37:38,339 to intimidate others. 302 00:37:52,603 --> 00:37:56,315 This guy is really throwing his weight around. 303 00:38:04,782 --> 00:38:07,201 And the females have had enough. 304 00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:23,884 Amongst bonobos, 305 00:38:23,968 --> 00:38:26,470 they form the strongest alliances. 306 00:38:28,848 --> 00:38:31,559 And this gives them power. 307 00:38:36,856 --> 00:38:38,816 Unlike female chimps, 308 00:38:39,567 --> 00:38:41,944 they are not dominated by males. 309 00:38:44,530 --> 00:38:46,324 This bonobo baby 310 00:38:46,407 --> 00:38:49,618 will be protected from bullies by his mom. 311 00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:54,957 And he's unlikely to experience war. 312 00:38:56,417 --> 00:38:58,502 Meetings between bonobo communities 313 00:38:58,586 --> 00:39:01,005 are nearly always peaceful. 314 00:39:09,597 --> 00:39:11,807 So different from chimpanzees. 315 00:39:13,059 --> 00:39:15,061 And nobody really knows why. 316 00:39:25,571 --> 00:39:27,990 As this baby chimp grows, 317 00:39:28,991 --> 00:39:33,496 he'll face risks young bonobos never need worry about. 318 00:39:42,671 --> 00:39:44,965 But in true ape fashion, 319 00:39:45,049 --> 00:39:47,718 he is doing the best he can. 320 00:39:50,888 --> 00:39:55,393 Who knows? This could be the start of a beautiful friendship 321 00:39:56,644 --> 00:39:58,104 lasting for decades. 322 00:40:03,818 --> 00:40:05,403 But their future, 323 00:40:06,028 --> 00:40:07,863 and that of the entire family, 324 00:40:08,697 --> 00:40:09,824 is in the hands 325 00:40:11,075 --> 00:40:13,744 of the most powerful ape of all. 326 00:40:16,705 --> 00:40:19,083 We kill our wild cousins. 327 00:40:20,835 --> 00:40:21,752 We cage them. 328 00:40:24,588 --> 00:40:26,424 We destroy their homes. 329 00:40:31,595 --> 00:40:35,141 Yet even in the face of such adversity, 330 00:40:36,100 --> 00:40:38,853 apes still have the ability 331 00:40:38,936 --> 00:40:40,438 to astound us. 332 00:40:45,359 --> 00:40:48,612 Surrounded by human settlements, 333 00:40:48,696 --> 00:40:51,740 an isolated patch of forest 334 00:40:51,824 --> 00:40:54,285 barely a dozen football pitches wide. 335 00:40:57,163 --> 00:41:01,459 It's home to an extraordinary group of chimpanzees. 336 00:41:06,797 --> 00:41:08,883 Nearly every day, 337 00:41:08,966 --> 00:41:11,844 they must venture into our world. 338 00:41:46,754 --> 00:41:48,214 We can only imagine 339 00:41:48,797 --> 00:41:51,217 how chimpanzees perceive us. 340 00:42:00,017 --> 00:42:03,479 They have every reason to be wary. 341 00:42:13,072 --> 00:42:16,492 But there are great rewards. 342 00:42:24,208 --> 00:42:26,252 Cultivated fruits 343 00:42:26,335 --> 00:42:28,587 so rich in sugar 344 00:42:29,505 --> 00:42:31,507 must taste like heaven. 345 00:43:00,619 --> 00:43:04,915 These chimps have learned to be stealthy around humans… 346 00:43:07,334 --> 00:43:11,922 and to make the most of this challenging new world. 347 00:43:15,009 --> 00:43:16,176 Palm oil fruit. 348 00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:22,600 The best bit is the kernel, packed with protein and calories. 349 00:43:24,935 --> 00:43:26,061 Just one problem. 350 00:43:28,939 --> 00:43:31,734 It's surrounded by a tough shell. 351 00:43:34,945 --> 00:43:38,365 Getting to it takes ingenuity. 352 00:43:56,175 --> 00:43:58,802 Nut cracking may seem simple to us, 353 00:44:00,095 --> 00:44:02,348 but in terms of animal behavior, 354 00:44:03,223 --> 00:44:05,559 it is revolutionary. 355 00:44:13,609 --> 00:44:16,320 Putting apes right at the top 356 00:44:16,862 --> 00:44:20,366 of an exclusive club of tool users. 357 00:44:23,410 --> 00:44:25,913 Apes make nests. 358 00:44:31,627 --> 00:44:32,670 Umbrellas. 359 00:44:37,633 --> 00:44:38,717 Probes. 360 00:44:43,263 --> 00:44:45,432 Even spears. 361 00:44:52,189 --> 00:44:54,441 This group in Bossou 362 00:44:54,525 --> 00:44:55,776 is exceptional. 363 00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:02,491 They've developed more than one tool 364 00:45:02,574 --> 00:45:04,410 to exploit our crops. 365 00:45:06,578 --> 00:45:08,956 As well as hammers and anvils, 366 00:45:09,039 --> 00:45:10,999 they have invented this. 367 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:13,961 A pestle. 368 00:45:17,214 --> 00:45:19,425 Used to mash up palm hearts 369 00:45:20,342 --> 00:45:21,593 so they're easier to eat. 370 00:45:24,138 --> 00:45:27,808 A behavior unique to this community. 371 00:45:32,646 --> 00:45:36,692 They've even learned to deactivate poachers' snares 372 00:45:36,775 --> 00:45:40,279 that cause so much damage to other chimp populations. 373 00:45:43,115 --> 00:45:46,118 Yet despite these great achievements, 374 00:45:46,952 --> 00:45:48,662 they continue to dwindle. 375 00:45:50,205 --> 00:45:53,792 Only seven Bossou chimps now remain. 376 00:45:58,213 --> 00:45:59,089 A youngster. 377 00:45:59,715 --> 00:46:02,050 The only one left in the group. 378 00:46:03,677 --> 00:46:05,220 Desperate for playmates. 379 00:46:16,064 --> 00:46:18,442 Pascal Goumi is a local, 380 00:46:19,276 --> 00:46:21,570 but he's not a threat. 381 00:46:26,033 --> 00:46:27,534 As a field researcher, 382 00:46:27,618 --> 00:46:30,746 he's known this chimp since he was born. 383 00:46:34,041 --> 00:46:35,501 It's fair to say 384 00:46:36,084 --> 00:46:37,753 they've become friends. 385 00:46:42,007 --> 00:46:46,136 Friendship is so crucial to ape success, 386 00:46:46,220 --> 00:46:49,807 it can even transcend species boundaries. 387 00:46:56,730 --> 00:46:59,149 But humans 388 00:46:59,233 --> 00:47:01,109 now dominate the planet. 389 00:47:05,864 --> 00:47:09,201 We've left little room for our fellow apes. 390 00:47:12,830 --> 00:47:16,542 And we've forgotten that we have a duty of care. 391 00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:21,713 After all, 392 00:47:22,297 --> 00:47:25,008 this is our family too.